Construction of Memphis Brooks Museum of Art Halted Amid Legal Dispute
Construction of the $180 million Memphis Brooks Museum of Art (MAM) has been at a
standstill for nearly four years due to a legal dispute over land use. The core issue revolves
around whether the project violates an 1820 riverfront easement, which mandates that the land
be preserved as a "promenade" for public use.
The controversy began when Friends for Our Riverfront, a local advocacy group, filed a 284-
page lawsuit against both the Brooks Foundation and the City of Memphis. The group claims
that the museum’s construction infringes upon the 1820 easement. Since the lawsuit was filed,
the project, which broke ground in 2021, has been delayed as the court determines whether
construction can continue.
Ownership and Control of the Land: The Heart of the Dispute
At the center of this legal battle is a question of ownership and control over the land in question.
In their petition, Friends for Our Riverfront—along with descendants of historical figures like
Virginia O. McLean (a descendant of Judge John Overton) and Elizabeth O. Snowden (a
descendant of Judge Overton)—argue that the heirs of the original landowners—President
Andrew Jackson, Judge John Overton, General James Winchester, and their associates—retain
ownership of the riverfront property.
The petitioners contend that the original 1819 Plan of Memphis dedicated the land for public
use, including the “Public Promenade,” which was to be the “crown jewel of the riverfront”.
According to their claims, the heirs maintain fee title to the land, while the public holds an
easement to use it as a promenade. They argue that the City of Memphis has no ownership
interest in the land but merely serves as a trustee, responsible for maintaining the public’s
easement. See Memphis v. Overton, 216 Tenn. 293, 392 S.W.2d 98, (Tenn., 1965).
Bruce McMullen, who represents the city and the Brooks Foundation, argues that the museum
aligns with the city’s commitment to public use, and that “the use is for the current-day
administration to decide.” Historically, the site housed a fire station and a city-owned parking
garage uses that Friends for Our Riverfront never contested.
The Broader Impact on Memphis Riverfront Development
Ultimately, the court will make the decision with the scales tilted toward approving construction
the MAM. Even if a reverter clause, or use easement, doesn’t prohibit a particular use, the MAM
episode shows that it can certainly stall the process and increase the costs. It shows the
importance of knowing your title documents.
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